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In computer science, more specifically in automata and formal language theory, nested words are a concept proposed by Alur and Madhusudan as a joint generalization of words, as traditionally used for modelling linearly ordered structures, and of ordered unranked trees, as traditionally used for modelling hierarchical structures. Finite-state acceptors for nested words, so-called nested word automata, then give a more expressive generalization of finite automata on words. The linear encodings of languages accepted by finite nested word automata gives the class of visibly pushdown languages. The latter language class lies properly between the regular languages and the deterministic context-free languages. Since their introduction in 2004, these concepts have triggered much research in that area.〔(Google Scholar search results ) for "nested words" OR "visibly pushdown"〕 ==Formal definition== To define ''nested words'', we first need to define ''matching relation''. As usual, for a nonnegative integer , we use the notation to denote the set , with the special case . A ''matching relation'' ↝ of length is a subset of such that: # all nesting edges are forward, that is, if ''i'' ↝ ''j'' then ''i''<''j''; # nesting edges never have a finite position in common, that is, for -∞ < ''i'' < ∞, there is at most one position ''h'' such that ''h'' ↝ ''i'', and there is at most one position ''j'' such that ''i'' ↝ ''j''; and # nesting edges never cross, that is, we can't find ''i''<''i''’≤''j''<''j''’ such that both ''i'' ↝ ''j'' and ''i''’ ↝ ''j''’. A position ''i'' is referred to as * a ''call position'', if ''i'' ↝ ''j'' for some ''j'', * a ''pending call'' if ''i'' ↝ ∞, * a ''return position'', if ''h'' ↝ ''i'' for some ''h'', * a ''pending return'' if -∞ ↝ ''i'', and * an ''internal position'' in all remaining cases. A ''nested word'' of length over an alphabet Σ is a pair (''w'',↝), where ''w'' is a word of length over Σ (in the usual sense) and ↝ is a matching relation of length . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nested word」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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